Diverticulitis: Symptoms and Treatments

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Diverticulitis develops from a condition called diverticulosis, where small pouches (diverticula) form in the wall of the colon—most commonly in the lower (sigmoid) colon.

When these pouches become inflamed or infected, it leads to diverticulitis.

Common symptoms include:

• Persistent abdominal pain (usually in the lower left abdomen)
• Fever and chills
• Nausea or vomiting
• Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
• Bloating or tenderness

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and should be evaluated promptly.

A colonoscopy is the only screening test that can:

• Directly examine the entire colon
• Detect early cancers
• Remove polyps before they become cancer

Other tests, such as stool-based screening, can be helpful—but if abnormal, they still require a colonoscopy.

This is why colonoscopy remains the gold standard for colon cancer prevention.

The exact cause isn’t always clear, but contributing factors may include:

• Increased pressure within the colon
• Changes in gut bacteria
• Aging of the colon wall
• Diet and lifestyle factors

Having diverticulosis is common, especially with age—but not everyone develops diverticulitis.

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition:

• Oral antibiotics (in some cases)
• Temporary dietary changes (clear liquids, then gradual return to normal diet)
• Close monitoring

• Hospital care with IV antibiotics
• Imaging (such as CT scan) to assess complications
• Drainage of abscesses if present

Most patients improve with medical treatment alone.

Surgery may be recommended if:

• You have recurrent episodes that affect quality of life
• There are complications such as abscess, perforation, or fistula
• Symptoms do not improve with medical treatment
• There is concern for narrowing or blockage of the colon

Surgical treatment typically involves removing the affected portion of the colon (often the sigmoid colon), followed by reconnecting the healthy ends.

Modern approaches include:

• Minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) surgery
• Smaller incisions and faster recovery
• Shorter hospital stays

In most cases, bowel continuity is restored without the need for a colostomy.

Most cases are manageable, but complications can occur if untreated:

• Abscess (localized infection)
• Perforation (tear in the colon)
• Peritonitis (serious abdominal infection)
• Fistula formation

Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent these outcomes.

While not always preventable, you can reduce your risk by:

• Eating a high-fiber diet
• Staying well hydrated
• Exercising regularly
• Maintaining a healthy weight

Your doctor can guide you on long-term management strategies.

For trusted, in-depth information, visit:

• Cleveland Clinic – Diverticulitis symptoms and treatment options
• Mayo Clinic – Causes, complications, and prevention

Can diverticulitis go away on its own?
Mild cases may improve with rest and diet changes, but medical evaluation is important.

How many attacks before surgery is needed?
There is no fixed number—decisions are based on severity, frequency, and overall health.

Is diverticulitis dangerous?
It can be if complications develop, which is why early treatment is important.

Will I need a colostomy?
Most patients do not. It is typically only needed in more severe or emergency situations.

How is it diagnosed?

Many patients have diverticulosis diagnosed on imaging or colonoscopy. 

Diverticulitis can be painful and disruptive—but effective treatment options are available, from medical management to minimally invasive surgery when needed.

Dr. Stephenson and her team provide personalized, evidence-based care to help you recover and prevent future episodes.

If you are experiencing symptoms or have had recurrent diverticulitis, it may be time to explore your options.

Contact our office today or request an appointment online to schedule your consultation.